Recently in Paternity Category

While most babies are healthy when they are born, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HRSA) routinely screens new babies to help prevent serious problems like mental retardation or death.

Prior to discharge from the hospital, your nurse or health care provider will take a few drops of blood from your baby's heel.  The hospital will then send the blood samples to a newborn screening laboratory. 

If there is a problem, the HRSA will notify parents and health care providers immediately.  However, since there is so much going on during the first few weeks of your new baby's life, it is important for you to specifically ask for the results.  If you leave the hospital or place of birth, prior to 24 hours after giving birth, the HRSA may ask for the baby to be retested.  Some states require that all babies be tested, twice for accuracy.  Some babies may need to be retested because the original sample was not sufficient to complete testing.  A few babies may need to be retested because the first test showed a possible health problem.

If  you are requested to bring in baby for retesting, do not become concerned until you have spoken to your healthcare provider and they explain the circumstances.  As stated above, it just may be routine for your State to test twice.  However, if you do receive a call or notice to have your baby retested, get it done right away.  In the process, insure that your health care provider and the hospital have your updated contact information including home address, phone, email and nowadays - include your cell phone. 

Your health care professional should be able to answer any of your questions.  Do not be worry about your question being silly - unless you are a trained genetic counselor you may not understand the meaning of the tests but you have the right to a full explanation in terms you can understand. 

Puerto Rico's New Birth Certificate Law (Law 191 of 2009)

The government of Puerto Rico has enacted a new law (Law 191 of 2009) aimed at strengthening the issuance and usage of birth certificates to combat fraud and protect the identity and credit of all people born in Puerto Rico

The new law was based on collaboration with the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to address the fraudulent use of Puerto Rico-issued birth certificates to unlawfully obtain U.S. passports, Social Security benefits, and other federal services. 

Under the new law, all Puerto Rico birth certificates issued before July 1, 2010, will be invalidated so that new, more secure certificates can be issued. Until that date, all birth certificates will remain valid.  If you are required to undergo a DNA test to confirm a biological relationship, ie, paternity, maternity, siblingship or grand paternity, call your local DNA Lady to coordinate the collection in the continental USA and in Puerto Rico.

It is important to understand that there is no need to rush out and get a new birth certificate on July 1.  It is suggested that only people who have a specific need for their birth certificate for official purposes need request a new birth certificate right away.

Those Puerto Rican-born living in the states will be able to request and receive their new birth certificates through a simple process by mail.  The fee is $5, but will be waived for people over 60 and for veterans.

For additional information on the new law, please visit the links below.

Birth Certificate Law Fact Sheet and Frequently Asked Questions

Text of New Birth Certificate Law

Birth Certificate Application  *Please note: the new, more secure birth certificates will be available on or after July 1, 2010.

Day in and day out, we pick up the phone and hear different voices -  alleged fathers, worried new moms, adults in search of parents, grandparents with a nagging doubt about a grandchild but most of all - just people, like you and me, with questions about the DNA testing process

Often times the young men (alleged fathers) are concerned about the child, but also just want to protect themselves.   There are the young men, though who are shell shocked about the situation because they haven't had any contact with the new mother in months.  Recently I met a young guy, who was seeing the new born baby for the first time on the day of the Paternity Test.  His reaction was a "handshake and congratulations" to the new mom?  Is it cultural or was this sad?  Nine months ago this young couple were so close that they conceived a child (allegedly) together and today they can barely be in the same room with one another.   I have had other couples, who because of circumstances need a Court Admissible Paternity Test, and when I try to photograph the couple, I can barely get them close enough to be in the same photo. 

The women, if they have just given birth are either angry or just feeling lousy and want to get the whole process over whereas the grandparents are only inquiring on behalf of their "son".  Whatever the circumstances, the DNA Lady provides answers and assurance that DNA testing is the most conclusive method available to prove a biological relationship. 

I also work with adults, who have spent the better part of their adult life searching for a biological parent.  There is sometimes a happy ending and after 30 something years of "not knowing" , "just not sure", "mom, wasn't clear on her information" - we find the long lost fathers - in another state but willing and interested in having the DNA test.   I think I get the most satisfaction out of these test - because the parties involved are usually very happy to be tested and truly concerned with the outcome of the tests. 

Below is a list of the Frequently Asked Questions about DNA and Paternity Tests and a link to a site that provides responses. If you have other questions, please feel free to submit your questions directly to the DNA Lady via this blog or call us 732-632-8820 for a personal discussion on your case. 

www.dnatestingnewark.

[+]Why would I need a DNA test?

[+]Who is tested in a paternity test?

[+]How accurate are DNA tests?

[+]What is used for a DNA test sample?

[+]How are the DNA samples collected?

[+]Can tested parties live in different cities?

[+]When will I receive my paternity test results?

[+]Can I use DNA Services of America's test results in court?

[+]How can I pay for my DNA test?

[+]Does DNA Services of America offer a payment plan?

[+]How do I make an appointment for my DNA test?

[+]What should I bring to my Legal DNA sample collection appointment?

[+]Is the mother's DNA sample required for a paternity test?

[+]Is it a problem if there are two possible fathers and they are related?

[+]Can I do a paternity test before the baby is born?

[+]How much will my DNA test cost?

[+]Is there a DNA sample collection location near me?

[+]What happens at the DNA sample collection appointment?

[+]Will my DNA test results be legally defensible?

[+]Can DNA test results be used to obtain child support?

[+]What does "chain of custody process" mean?

[+]Who is entitled to receive the DNA paternity test results?



Robert L. Munoz, Esq.
21 Brant Avenue
Clark, NJ   07066
Phone:  732-340-9785
Fax:  732-340-0610
munozesq@aol.com


Co-Chair, Family Law Committee
Trustee, Union County Bar Association

A young couple inquire about a DNA test for their new baby.  The mother, interested in proving her fidelity to this young man while the "alleged" father was interested in removing family doubts.  It seems that his family, over the holidays had chided him that this baby "doesn't look like any of us".  His aunt even went so far as to say - "this baby is too light skinned to be from our family".  Besides the insensitivity of it all, with the "melting pot" that our society has become today - no one can really know the entire contents of their own DNA, really.

In any case, the DNA collection and identification process were explained but the young man expected his medical insurance plan would cover the cost.  However, Paternity Testing is not medically relevant information so medical or health insurance companies do not cover the cost for Paternity Tests.   

It is January 7th, everyone is getting back to work and feeling the pressure of the looming big holiday bills.  No matter what the media reports, we all spent too much and this young couple were no different.  They had a new baby and he needed lots of new things and it was his first Christmas and it was their first Christmas as a family.  There are so many good reasons why - the money spent on a Paternity Test to solidify this child's future - were instead spent on Christmas presents.

The DNA Lady attempts to provide alternatives and so the process of going to Family Court to sign up for a State Funded Paternity Test was offered along with all of the methods under which child support will then be collected in the event that this young man is the father.  A hired collector from an out of state lab sits in a room in the courthouse, with a big DNA sign on the door, and one by one the families shuffle in to have their DNA collected. 

Income Withholding - salary garnishment
License Suspension - driver's, professional and occupational are suspended if a child support bench warrant issued
Asset Seizure - if the child support falls behind 3 months, a lien can be placed on checking and savings accounts
Credit Reporting - past due amounts are reported to credit reporting agencies, thereby lowering your credit score
Lottery and Tax Refunds Intercept - very clear, if the child support payment exceeds $1000 the State can take your lottery winnings or tax refunds, property tax refunds, or homestead rebates.
Passport Denial  - if a parent owes $5000 or more, the State can withhold issuance of a new or renewed  passport.
New Hire Reports to the State - all employers are required to report information on newly hired employees.  This information is then matched to an Automated Child Support Enforcement System and can generate a wage withholding.

The young couple will receive their DNA Paternity Test results by early next week from the DNA Lady.  The young couple will then privately agree on how to raise their beautiful new baby boy and in the event there is a child support issue - the mother has a document and file with which to pursue child support and the father has a document and file with which to pursue child visitation rights.  Their privacy is maintained, the child will know his parents and this young man does not have to worry about an employer finding out private information about him - now or in the future.  Everyone's dignity is in tact and the State of New Jersey, already broke from overspending gets to save a few dollars in this very tough economy and manhours because they do not have to get involved in what is a very, private issue for some families.


 
As the local DNA collector in New Jersey, I meet so many people during the year, from so many walks of life.  We all have a need, at some point, to confirm knowledge of ourselves and our family, whether it is through a DNA test or through private soul searching.  Most times I do a DNA test, deliver the results and that is the end of my interaction with a customer.

I often wonder - did that new young dad take up his responsibility or was that lady able to create a relationship with her newly confirmed father?  I always hope that having peace of mind through a DNA test, helps families to strengthen their bonds and move on to bigger and better things in life.  I believe that we all have good days ahead of us - that hope and faith are powerful tools in our lives.  You have to use these tools everyday to make them work and seem real. 

There are always a handful of customers, who for whatever reason, we feel a stronger connection.  Perhaps they were able to share their stories with me in such a way that I feel part of the solution.  Perhaps they called me months later and told me how things have worked out for them, whether it was through a regular Paternity test, or through a DNA test for purposes of immigration and now have their family reunited here.  Those customers continue to send me cards of thanks and baskets of encouragement.  I am sincere in my efforts to help them resolve questions in their life through the use of today's most up to date human identification technology - the DNA test

One such customer sent a wonderful basket of chocolates and cookies and proclaimed - THE JUDGE RULED IN OUR FAVOR.  What better Christmas gift then to know that a mother was so pleased with our tests and my extra efforts on her behalf that she remembered me at Christmas - months after her case was over.  Everyone now knows that her son is who she says he is - she is triumphant and her son gains an extended family.  I pray that the extended family will open their hearts to this little boy.  

Another gentleman, who perhaps didn't get the results he wanted from our tests, but nevertheless, now knows that he has more searching to do - sent me the below list of Christmas greetings in over 50 different languages and from various regions of the world - but all carrying the same message - Joy, Happiness, Peace, Prosperity.  You see no matter where you are from or where you are going - we all want the same thing for each other - it just takes a holiday to remind us.

  • Gëzuar Krishtlindjen dhe Vitin e Ri - Albanian, "Merry Christmas and Happy New Year"
  • Mīlād Majīd ميلاد مجيد - Arabic for "Merry Christmas" as used in Lebanon and several other countries
  • Shenoraavor Nor Dari yev Pari Gaghand Eastern Armenian
  • "Shenoraavor Nor Dari yev Soorp Dzuhnoont" Western Armenian
  • Zorionak eta Urte Berri On! Basque for Merry Christmas
  • Nedeleg laouen na bloavezh mat in Breton
  • Tchestito Rojdestvo Hristovo in Bulgarian
  • Bon Nadal i un Bon Any Nou! in Catalan
  • Bon Nadal - Catalan for Happy Christmas
  • Nadelik looan na looan blethen noweth Happy Christmas and Happy New Year in Cornish
  • Sretan Božić - Croatian for Happy Christmas
  • Veselé Vánoce a šťastný nový rok - Czech language, "Merry Christmas and Happy New Year"
  • Glædelig jul - Danish
  • God jul - Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, lit. "Good Yule"
  • Gleðilig Jól og gott Nýggjár - Faroese - Merry Christmas and happy New Year
  • Vrolijk Kerstfeest or Zalig Kerstfeest with en een Gelukkig Nieuwjaar - Dutch, "Merry Christmas and Happy New Year"
  • Gajan Kristnaskon "Merry Christmas" in Esperanto
  • Häid jõule - Estonian
  • Maligayang Pasko - Filipino word, a Common Christmas Greeting in the Philippines which was Merry Christmas in English Translation.
  • Hyvää joulua - Finnish
  • Joyeux Noël - French for "Happy Christmas" used in France, French Canada, Belgium, Luxembourg, Louisiana, Switzerland, the Lebanon and Francophone Africa
  • Noflike Krystdagen en in protte Lok en Seine yn it Nije Jier! in Frisian
  • Frohe Weihnachten/Fröhliche Weihnachten und ein glückliches/gutes Neues Jahr - German for Merry Christmas/Merry Christmas and a Happy/Good New Year
  • Καλά Χριστούγεννα (Kala Christougenna) - Greek for Merry Christmas, also used in non-Greek many Eastern Orthodox nations, as the first Christian masses were celebrated in Greek.
  • Mele Kalikimaka - Hawaiian
  • Boldog karácsonyt/Kellemes karácsonyi ünnepeket : Merry Christmas/Pleasant Christmas Holidays in Hungarian
  • Selamat Natal: "Christmas best wishes" Indonesian
  • Idah Saidan Wa Sanah Jadidah in Iraq
  • Nollaig Shona Duit - Ireland, (Irish Language), Gaeilge, lit. "You have a happy Christmas".
  • Buon Natale - Italian for Happy Christmas
  • Natale hilare et Annum Faustum! in Latin
  • Linksmų Šv. Kalėdų ir Laimingų Naujųjų Metų - Lithuanian "Merry Christmas and Happy New Year"
  • Schèine Chreschtdaag an e gudde Rutsch in Luxembourg dialect
  • Среќен Божиќ, (Sreen Boži) - Macedonian for Happy Christmas
  • Il-Milied u s-Sena t-Tajba - Malta - "Happy Christmas and a Happy New Year"
  • Nollick ghennal as blein vie noa in Manx Gallic
  • Meri Kirihimete in Maori
  • کریسمس مبارک - Persian "Merry Christmas"
  • Wesołych Świąt Bożego Narodzenia in Polish
  • Feliz Natal in Portuguese
  • Crăciun Fericit! Romanian for Merry Christmas
  • S'Rozhdestvóm Khristóvym! (С Рождеством Христовым!) or, more commonly, simply С Рождеством (S Rozhdestvóm!) for the informal Christmas greeting, while the traditional religious greeting is Khristós rozhdáyetsya! (Христос рождается, meaning "Christ is born!") and the traditional response is Slávite! (Cлавите!, meaning "Let us glorify him!"); С Новым годом! ( S Nóvym gódom!) - Happy New Year! in Russian.
  • Heughliche Winachten un 'n moi Nijaar in Low Saxon
  • Nollaig chridheil huibh in Scottish Gaelic
  • "Христос се роди!" answer: "Воистину се роди!" or: "Srećan Božić" (Serbian) "Merry Christmas" also Hristos se rodi.
  • Veselé Vianoce a Šťastný Nový rok - Slovak language, "Merry Christmas and Happy New Year"
  • Vesele Božične Pražnike Srečno Novo Leto or Vesel Božič in srečno Novo leto in Slovene
  • Feliz Navidad y próspero Año Nuevo - Spanish lit. "Happy Nativity and prosperous New Year"
  • God Jul and (Och) Ett Gott Nytt År in Sweden
  • Sawadee Pee Mai or Souksan wan Christmas in Thai
  • Mutlu Noeller - Turkish - "Happy Christmas"
  • З Різдвом Христовим (Z Rizdvom Khrystovym) or, when meeting in person, Христос народився! - Славімо Його! ("Khrystos narodyvsya! - Slavimo yoho!", lit. "Christ was born! - Praise be with Him!") in Ukrainian.
  • Nadolig Llawen a Blwyddyn Newydd Dda - Wales (by Welsh speakers), "Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year"
  • Boldog karácsonyt! in Hungary
  • 聖誕節快樂 / 圣诞节快乐 (Shèngdànjié kuàilè) - Merry Christmas!, 新年快樂 / 新年快乐 (Xīnnián kuàilè) - Happy New Year! in Chinese
  • メリークリスマス (Meri Kurisumasu) - Merry Christmas!, よいお年を (Yoi o-toshi-o) (before), 明けましておめでとう (after) - Happy New Year! in Japanese

I even received my very first Happy Kwanzaa card this year.  I am flattered to be a part of someone else's celebration of  "Royal Greetings".  I once thought that I worked in a global environment, but it wasn't until I started offering private DNA testing that I truly began to learn how universal it is for a mom will fight for her child, how a dad will work for his family and although we are all different people, we are truly alike. We want a family, we want safety and we want to be together. 

No matter how you celebrate this season and no matter who you celebrate it with - make it a good one, make it special for someone else - it comes back to you twofold.
New moms, pregnant moms, doubtful dads - Here's a useful link to determine when you most probably became pregnant.  If you have a doubt about the paternity of your baby, whether prior to baby's birth or after baby's birth, use the calculator to determine the date(s) you most probably became pregnant and then test the man who you were with on that day or in that short window of fertility.  The calculator which is sponsored by Johnson & Johnson, is a great tool to also see the progress of your baby as he/she grows inside you.

http://www.babycenter.com/tools.htm

If you perform a Chain of Custody DNA Paternity Test on the man you think is the father, and if that test returns with a negative results or 0% Probability of Paternity, most DNA collection sites will offer extended analysis of another man, for half the price of the original test.  Check with your local DNA collections expert, on their options and time frame for testing additional men for paternity.  Remember, that each child deserves to have knowledge of his/her biological parents, irrespective of the parents relationship in the present and going forward.  Depending on the number of weeks you are pregnant, you can also have a PreNatal Paternity Test performed, so that for the remainder of the pregnancy the new dad has the chance to get comfortable and prepare for his new role as a dad. It is important for everyone involved to know the risks associated with PreNatal Paternity tests, please speak directly to your OB/GYN for that information.    

With today's convenient and affordable, private DNA testing centers opening up in so many States, it is also important to understand what accreditation your testing center carries and how the test are performed at the laboratory level.  When you call for information ask questions and get the name of the person you are speaking to - ask them if they will be the one performing the test and discussing the DNA test results with you.  As with any test, with such an important outcome, it is always best to work with someone locally so that you have someone to return to and not just an 800 number to call.  Your local DNA collections expert will know your personal circumstances, know the people involved with the test and will handle all follow up questions specifically related to your test  The local DNA colledtions expert will also accompany you to the OB/GYN's office on the day or your Prenatal Paternity Test sample collection rather than just delivering a kit to the OB/GYN staff.

   The DNA Lady owns a DNA collection franchise in Metuchen, NJ and offers DNA tests to confirm maternity, paternity, grand parentage, siblingship and avuncular testing.  DNA tests are affordable and convenient and are also used in infidelity and forensic analysis. 
Understanding the Numbers and Symbols on your DNA Results

With all the information on various laboratory blog sites, I thought I would go back to a basic and review how to read the paternity test results.

The paternity test results will show allele (see DNA Dictionary for explanation of allele) sizes for the parties who participated in the test.  If the test indicates no allele size, it is considered that the same allele size is present at both loci.  When mother, alleged father and child are included in the DNA paternity test, the alleles that the child received from the biological father (called the obligate paternal alleles) can be determined by subtracting the mother's contribution to the child's DNA.  If the alleged father does not have the obligate paternal alleles at three or more loci, he is excluded as the biological father of the child.  If only a child and alleged father are tested, and they do not share any common alleles at three or more loci, the alleged father is also excluded.  When the alleged father contains the obligate paternal alleles at the loci tested, then he is not excluded as the biological father of the child.  While it is not necessary to have the mother tested to confirm Paternity, it is obviously a better choice to have all 3 parties tested so at least the mother's DNA is a known factor in the paternity index and probability of paternity figures.  

There are cases, where test results show a non-match for one or two loci.  This may indicate mutations which will require additional analysis but it may also indicate that a close biological relative of the tested alleged father (such as a brother, father or son) may actually be the biological father of the child.  Always, let your DNA collector know the circumstances of your case and if there are possible related males involved in the paternity.  Additional calculations can be performed to help address these factors.  However, it is best to have all possible alleged fathers tested to establish the true biological father.  DNA testing facilities can offer you Paternity Testing with additional samples prices so that anyone thought to be the alleged father can be tested.  Talk to your local DNA expert about the circumstances of your case, so that discretion is used during the actual collection.

The final results will indicate the Probability of Paternity expressed as a percentage.  This percentage is called Paternity Index (PI).  The PI is calculated  using a "prior probability of paternity" of 0.5 in the calculation  This prior probability is a neutral value (without bias) that assumes the alleged father is as equally likely to be as he is not to be the child's biological father.  A DNA test results with 0% PI means that the alleged father is excluded, or cannot be the biological father.  A PI of 99% and above means that the alleged father is most likely the biological father.  

When using a local DNA collector, you have the ability to ask questions before, during and after the DNA collection process. Take the time to understand what the results indicate - in the long run - when you doubts are erased - the child involved in the test will be given a solid foundation on which to build their life.   

In New Jersey, carefully consider who you chose to perform your DNA tests.  Whether you want a DNA test to confirm paternity, maternity or any other biological relationship, here are a few questions to ask :

1.)  Where are you located?

Just because a website buys up the name of your city and links it with the letters DNA does not necessarily mean, they are located in your city.  Internet savvy DNA testing companies are buying up site domains just to catch your attention.

The best advice is to work with your local DNA collections expert.  Someone you can go back to in 30, 60 or 90 days who will remember you, your circumstances and be able to assist you with questions or concerns.  If the 800 operator starts asking "what is your zip code?  "are you located near this intersection" - it suggests that they are not in New Jersey and will hook you up to an independent collector with no personal interest in providing you with good customer care.  Do you want your private information in the hands of a "consultant"? 

2.)  What are the accrediting institutions of your laboratory?

The minimum standard these days in DNA testing is the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB).  If that is the only accreditation the facility can offer you, then "BUYER BEWARE".  Most reputable DNA testing facilities should be able to list at least 3 - 4 other accrediting facilities including but not limited to:

College of American Pathologists
American Society of Crime Laboratories Directors International
Forensic Quality International FQS-IOC 17025
New York State Department of Health
Clinical Laboratories Improvement Act

3.)   Who will perform my DNA test?

Will the person you are speaking to on the phone be the same person who will perform the DNA test?  If not, then will you have to explain your circumstances all over again when you meet to perform the DNA test? 

4.)  Who will provide my DNA Test results?

Will the person you are speaking to on the phone be the same person collecting your DNA and providing you with the results?  If not, then how many people will know about your circumstances?  How many times is your information viewed? 

When you call the 800 numbers to ask questions about DNA testing, your name, phone number, address are all entered into "the" system.  Each time you phone the "800" number, someone else is viewing your information and history.  If you give personal information such as your Social Security or Driver's License number - how many people will be able to access your data?  Don't give a credit card deposit over the phone.  If you are sure you want a DNA test then a private DNA testing facility should take an appointment from you.  You don't give your local doctor or dentist a credit card deposit for an appointment, do you? 

5.)  Is the person performing the DNA test, vaccinated and innoculated?

You may have a newborn baby?  You do not want someone who is possibly infectious near your infant.  Check to make sure that the person performing the DNA test is up to date on vaccinations, tetanus and hepatitis and flu shots.   


Your DNA tests should be performed by someone in a private facility, preferably the same person you talk to on the phone and the same person who delivers your results.  Contrary to popular TV talk shows, your DNA test is a private matter and should involve as few people as possible.

Most DNA Testing companies can deliver DNA Paternity Test results in as little as 3 business days.  Fast turnaround time is not a selling point.  The price on most DNA Tests is about the same, in some cases you may be paying extra for that independent collector - so ask up front if the price being quoted to you includes the collection fees or not?   Ask if there are additional charges for faxing, extra copies, additional address fees?  Know ahead of time so that you are not surprised and forced to pay for something at the time of the test. 

You should be confident in the person performed the DNA test and assured that your DNA test results are secure.  We do not know where DNA and the science behind it will take us in the next 20 years - be careful of the "nationwide facilities" storing your data, using independent collectors and 800 calling features or internet access to your DNA results.  Your DNA is valuable and extremely personal to you.  Until the DNA industry is fully regulated, use your local DNA collector for such a private matter.

The DNA Lady owns a private DNA collections facility in Metuchen, NJ.  We have a private office that you may visit before, during and after the DNA collection process.  The DNA Lady has assisted families in New Jersey with private DNA tests to confirm paternity, maternity, siblingship, grand paternity.  The DNA Lady has also worked with the legal community on forensic DNA testing for criminal and civil cases.   We work hand in hand with U.S. Embassies in over 150 foreign countries to expedite the immigration process.  Our goal is to bring this valuable tool in human identity to the private consumer.   DNA is a fascinating subject - we have the answers to your questions and doubts.   



We usually write about how to get a DNA test, why you should get a DNA test, who should get a DNA test and the types of DNA tests that are available.  Today, we would like to focus on having a healthy baby so that we can get to do the Paternity and other DNA tests.

Eating a well balanced diet and getting regular exercise - that's all you hear these days, in magazines and in everyday conversation.  It is especially important during  your pregnancy to keep you healthy and to support your growing baby. 

Always, always, always - check with your doctor first.  Each pregnancy is different and each woman will experience something different during her pregnancy.  While these tips are meant to guide you on your way to a happy, healthy pregnancy - it is very important for you to meet with a doctor to review your circumstances and outline your plan. 

1.)  If you are planning a pregnancy, start taking prenatal multi-vitamins/mineral supplements about 3 months prior to your conception.  Supplements help fill in the gaps of any key nutrients that are missing.  Talk to your OB/GYN to find out which one is best for you.

2.)  Focus on Iron as an adequate amount of folic acid and iron is essential before and during pregnancy.  To decrease the risk of neural tube defects, take at least 400 mcg/day before pregnancy and 600 mcg/day during pregnancy.  Certain foods are also good sources of folic acid such as green leafy vegetables, whole-grain breads, enriched grains, citrus fruits and juices, nuts, seeds, dried beans/peas, and lentils. Check the labels of the supplements you are taking to insure proper dosage.   Iron is also found in red meats, dark poultry, salmon, eggs, molasses and fortified breakfast cereals. 

3.)  Eat Enough to support your growing baby.  Our mothers were told "you are eating for two".  However, today the guidelines indicate that you only need to consume an additional 300 calories per day over your pre-pregnancy caloric intake.  If you are carrying multiples or are thin to begin with, you may need additional calories and again we can't stress the importance of talking to your OB/GYN about these issues.  Take the time to write down your questions, in case you get nervous during a prenatal exam. 

4.)  Go for Whole Grains - this is good advice for anyone but your growing baby needs important B vitamins and you will need the fiber found in whole grain products.  Look for the words "whole grain" on the food labels.  Watch Oprah when she has shows about healthy foods - she gives very good advice about product labeling.

5.)  Eat your Fruits and Vegetables - OK - again this is old news, your mother always told you to finish the vegetables on your plate or you wouldn't get dessert.  I always had room for dessert but was too full to eat my vegetables.  It is an age old battle, but if you can conquer it during your pregnancy, perhaps you will take this new habit into your post pregnancy life and pass in on to your children as well.  Breaking a habit takes 30 days of concentration so maybe creating a good habit during 9 months of pregnancy will stick for a lifetime.  It is worth a try for you and for your new baby.

6.)  Calcium, calcium, calcium - even if you are not pregnant - women don't get enough calcium - teeth, bones, skin, hair all need sufficient amounts of calcium to remain healthy.  If you live in the Northeast think about increasing dosage over the winter months.    The Recommended Daily Amount has changed over the last few years so check with your OB/GYN for the right amount for you.  

7.)  Limit caffeine and of course don't drink alcohol.  Remember caffeine is found in green and black teas, cola drinks, chocolate.  These products cross through the placenta and into your baby's system. 

8.)  Fish - now's the time for those lobster dinners.  Fish and shellfish are loaded with nutrients.  High quality proteins and essential omega-3 fatty acids help promote your baby's brain development.  To avoid harmful mercury, stick to salmon, light tuna, anchovies and sardines.

Follow these guidelines, visit your OB/GYN regularly, eliminate stress in your daily life, get enough exercise  (says the pot to the kettle) and get enough sleep - chances are you'll deliver a happy, healthy baby. 

If your partner has any doubts about paternity, tell him you will schedule a non-invasive DNA test as soon as the baby is born - but for during  your pregnancy - you need your partner's emotional support.  If you partner is insistent on confirming paternity now, you can schedule a PreNatal Paternity Test but only if your OB/GYN recommends you for prenatal genetic testing should PreNatal Paternity Testing be considered. 

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